The golden age has just opened up. The heaven bestows peace and tranquility, and the earth bestows happiness.
The sea screens east and the Central Plains looks west. It borders Qilu in the north and Huai River in the south.
With water in the mountains, Biansi has a smooth communication. Rich in resources and abundant in people, Sita is fresh.
The literature is noisy, the martial arts are magnificent. For thousands of years, it is a great Han nation.
Xuzhou, known as Pengcheng in ancient times, is the birthplace of the Han Dynasty and a national historical and cultural city.
In the Neolithic Age more than 6000 years ago, this was the ideal place for the ancestors to live. Yu divided the world, and Xuzhou was one of the nine states. During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, it was Dapeng State. During the two weeks, it belonged to Xu and Song before returning to Qi and Chu. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Xiang Yu, the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty, commanded the capital of Pengcheng. During the Han Dynasty, the central government successively granted Chu State, Pengcheng State and Xiapi State. Since the Han Dynasty, Xuzhou has always been a regional political center, a military town and a place where the cultures of the north and the south converge.
Xuzhou is rich in cultural relics resources, with numerous Neolithic and Shang and Zhou sites, the large-scale royal tombs of the two Han emperors, the complete underground city of the Ming Dynasty and numerous precious cultural relics. They bear witness to the work of ancestors, the well-being of the people, the bravery of military forces, and the luxury of princes. Here, we can touch the history and look forward to the future.
Part I Oriental Song of Dawn
Xuzhou is located in the lower reaches of Yi, Shu and Si rivers, and is located in the transitional zone between the hills of southern Shandong and the plain of northern Jiangsu. Ten thousand years ago, traces of ancient human activities were found at the Paleolithic site in Heshantou, Xinyi. This area in the Neolithic Age belongs to the Haidai Cultural Circle, and has experienced the evolution of Beixin, Dawenkou, and Longshan cultures. In particular, large prehistoric settlements or cemeteries have been found at sites such as Dadunzi, Liulin, Liangwangcheng, and Huating Hall, which together demonstrate the civilization process of Dongyi culture in the Huang-Huai River basin, and are also important findings of Chinese prehistoric archaeology.
Part II Peng Hui and Xu Yao
The Xia, Shang and Zhou periods were the formation and development stages of the early state in ancient China.
From the Xia to the early Shang Dynasty, Xuzhou was the area of the Dongyi aboriginal Yueshi culture. Peng Zu, the descendant of the Yellow Emperor, was granted by Yao to establish the Dapeng State, and Ruomu, the son of Boyi, was granted by Yu to establish the Xu State, both of which were important countries of the Dongyi aborigines. They were in harmony with the Central Plains during the war, and finally integrated into the development trend of the Chinese nation's pluralistic integration. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Pengcheng was the eastern capital of the State of Song, and was attacked by Qi, Chu and other major powers successively. Chu culture had the deepest influence on it.
A large number of settlement sites of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in Xuzhou area show the diverse cultural features of this period.
Part III The Han Dynasty and the World
Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries, established an autocratic and centralized central empire, and Pengcheng set up a county. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the uprising storm swept across the country. Xiang Yu, the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty, did not live in the middle of the pass, but the capital of Pengcheng, the king of nine counties, commanded the world.
Xuzhou was the hometown of Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, and finally defeated Xiang Yu in the Chu-Han War to establish the Western Han Empire. The so-called "Han culture", "Han people" and "Sinology" of later generations all originated from this 426-year dynasty. In 201 BC, Liu Bang ceded his hometown, a rich and strategic place, to his half-brother Liu Jiao, the capital of Pengcheng. Since then, the State of Chu with Xuzhou as the center was established. During the Western Han Dynasty, there were twelve generations of King of Chu. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were one generation of King of Chu and five generations of King of Pengcheng. During the Han Dynasty, the politics, economy and culture of Xuzhou region developed in an all-round way.
Part IV Lock Key Town
During the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the regime changed frequently. Xuzhou, as the Pingfan of the South and the key to the North, became a place for military strategists. The Western Jin Dynasty inherited the system of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Wei, and established Xuzhou Governor to govern Pengcheng. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Pengcheng County "was located in the south and the north, and its territory was divided into two parts."
From the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Song and Yuan Dynasties, China's feudal society entered its heyday. At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, Xuzhou Prefecture was set up. In the Tang Dynasty, Xusihao, Wuning Army and the Expeditionary Force were set up first and then. The Wu Ning Army was appointed as the envoy in the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty. In 1353, Xuzhou was once changed to Wu'anzhou, and Pengcheng County was merged into the state. With the opening of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, during this period, the traffic and military status of Xuzhou was increasingly strengthened.
Part V The history is endless
The Ming and Qing dynasties were the peak and final stage of China's feudal dynasties. Xuzhou is still known as "an important town" because of its military position. In the 13th year of Yongle's reign in the Ming Dynasty (1415), the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal was unblocked, and "thousands of boats, thousands of boats, without rest day and night". Xuzhou, as an important node of water transport, "is very important to the national economy and people's livelihood".
Xuzhou City has always suffered from floods, especially in the fourth year of the opening of the Yellow River tomorrow (1624), when the flood entered the city, the whole city was completely covered by sand after three years of retreat. In the first year of Chongzhen, Tang Huan restored the old city, which was similar to and basically coincided with Hongwu City in the early Ming Dynasty. It was used and repaired in the Qing Dynasty, and was demolished in the Republic of China.
Archaeological achievements in recent years have witnessed the wonders of Xuzhou's "city under the city, mansion under the government, street under the street, underground well".
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